Determinants of Outcome Among Critically Ill Police Personnel With COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study From Andhra Pradesh, India
Limalemla Jamir, Mukesh Tripathi, Sumita Shankar, Rakesh Kakkar, Ravishankar Ayyanar, Rajeev Aravindakshan
Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.20394
Background and Aims: Police personnel have been key frontline workers throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This study was conducted to assess the correlates and outcomes of critically ill police personnel. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed key parameters of hospitalized police personnel who were critically ill with COVID-19 in Andhra Pradesh, India, between June and October 2020. Survival was analyzed for correlation with body mass index, ABO/Rh blood group, co-morbidities, treatment (oxygen therapy, prone positioning, mechanical ventilation, remdesivir, Ivermectin, oral and nasal topical povidoneiodine). We also performed Cox proportional hazard analysis with relevant function plots. Results: The majority of the 266 patients were male (n = 259; 97.4%) and obese (75.2%). The overall mortality of patients was 38% (n = 101). COVID-19 mortality increased significantly with age (p = 0.019) and BMI (p = 0.030) in the bivariate analysis. There was no significant difference between blood group (p = 0.297), comorbidity (p = 0.582) and COVID-19 outcome. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality were males (HR 4.89, 95% CI: 1.020-23.430) and ventilator therapy (HR 7.5, 95% CI: 4.527-12.296). The protective factors were symptom onset to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) report interval (HR 0.36, 95% CI: 0.158-0.814), prone positioning (HR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.197-0.915), and use of povidone iodine (HR 0.43; 95% CI: 0.273-0.692). Conclusion: COVID-19 mortality among critically ill hospitalized police personnel was reduced by time to diagnostic test result, prone positioning, and povidone-iodine use and increased with male gender and mechanical ventilation.
Additional Information Disclosures Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh issued approval IEC-AIIMS/Mangalagiri/2020-21/40. The committee after critical review and discussion of the documents approved the Research Study in All India institute Of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri vide IEC-AIIMS/Mangalagiri/2020-21/40 dated 12.06.2021. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue.
Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.
References
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